ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for thrombotic complications. The use of central venous catheters as dialysis vascular access additionally increases this risk. We describe the first case of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) secondary to central venous catheter misplacement in a patient with CKD. Case report: A 30-year-old female patient with HIV/AIDS and CKD on hemodialysis was admitted to the emergency room for complaints of fever, prostration, and headache in the last six days. She had a tunneled dialysis catheter placed at the left jugular vein. The diagnosis of BCS was established by abdominal computed tomography that showed a partial thrombus within the inferior vena cava which extended from the right atrium to medium hepatic vein, and continuing along the left hepatic vein. Patient was treated with anticoagulants and discharged asymptomatic. Discussion: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare medical condition caused by hepatic veins thrombosis. It can involve one, two, or all three of the major hepatic veins. It is usually related to myeloproliferative disorders, malignancy and hypercoagulable states. This case calls attention for inadvertent catheter tip placement into hepatic vein leading to this rare complication. Conclusion: Assessment of catheter dialysis tip location with radiological image seems to be a prudent measure after each procedure even if the tunneled dialysis catheter has been introduced with fluoroscopy image.
Resumo Introdução: Pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam risco aumentado de complicações trombóticas e o uso de cateter venoso central para realização de hemodiálise aumenta este risco. Nós descrevemos um caso de síndrome de Budd-Chiari (SBC) causado pelo mal posicionamento de um cateter de diálise em um paciente com DRC e, para nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro caso relatado na literatura. Caso clínico: Paciente feminina, 30 anos, com diagnóstico de HIV/SIDA e DRC em hemodiálise foi admitida na emergência com queixas de febre, prostração e cefaleia há 6 dias. Ela apresentava um cateter de diálise tunelizado implantado 7 dias antes na veia jugular esquerda. O diagnóstico de SBC foi realizado por tomografia computadorizada abdominal que mostrava um trombo no interior da veia cava inferior o qual estendia-se desde o átrio direito até a veia hepática esquerda. O cateter foi removido e a paciente foi anticoagulada. A paciente estava assintomática no momento da alta hospitalar. Discussão: SBC é uma condição clínica rara causada por trombose das veias hepáticas, podendo envolver desde uma até todas as três principais veias. Esta síndrome é em geral associada a desordens mieloproliferativas, a malignidades e a situações de hipercoagulabilidade. Este caso demonstra que o mal posicionamento da ponta do cateter no interior da veia hepática causou esta rara complicação. Conclusão: Realização de exame radiológico para avaliar localização da ponta do cateter de diálise é uma medida prudente após cada procedimento, mesmo nos casos de implante de cateter de diálise tunelizados com fluoroscopia.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Thrombosis/complications , Thrombosis/etiology , Vena Cava, Inferior , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Budd-Chiari Syndrome/etiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Anemia is a common complication among chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, occurring mostly due to erythropoietin deficiency. This randomized noninferiority trial sought to compare the efficacy and safety of a new epoetin formulation developed by Bio-Manguinhos, a biologics manufacturer affiliated with the Brazilian government, with those of a commercially available product currently used in Brazil (a biosimilar epoetin formulation). METHODS: The sample size needed to enable demonstration of noninferiority with a statistical power of 85% for a between-group difference in hemoglobin levels of no more than 1.5 g/dL was calculated. In total, 74 patients were randomly assigned to receive the epoetin formulation from Bio-Manguinhos (n = 36) or the biosimilar epoetin formulation (n = 38) in a double-blind fashion. The inclusion criteria were current epoetin therapy and stable hemoglobin levels for at least 3 months prior to the study. The primary and secondary outcomes were mean monthly hemoglobin levels and safety, respectively. The dose was calculated according to international criteria and adjusted monthly in both groups according to hemoglobin levels and at the assistant physicians' discretion. Iron storage was estimated at baseline and once monthly. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01184495. RESULTS: The study was conducted for 6 months after randomization. The mean baseline hemoglobin levels were 10.9±1.2 and 10.96±1.2 g/dL (p = 0.89) in the Bio-Manguinhos epoetin and biosimilar epoetin groups, respectively. During the study period, there was no significant change in hemoglobin levels in either group (p = 0.055, ANOVA). The epoetin from Bio-Manguinhos was slightly superior in the last 3 months of follow-up. The adverse event profiles of the two formulations were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: The epoetin formulations tested in this study are equivalent in efficacy ...